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Exogenous movement

Ø  Is plant movement that is caused by external stimulus.

(Adalahgerakan yang disebabkanolehperangsangluar.)

Ø  Example:-       Light(cahaya)

-          Earth gravitational force(gayagravitasibumi)

-          Water (air)

-          Touch(sentuhan)

-          Chemical substance(zatkimia)

Hygroscopic Movement

Ø  Is caused by the influence ofthe change of water level from its cells so happensnonhomogenouse(Adalahperubahan tingkat air dari sel sehingga terjadinonhomogenousekerutan)

Ø  Example :a.         The breaking of dried nut fruitleucaenaglauca castorCaesalipiniapulcherrima.

(Pemecahan kacang buah kering Leucaena glauca jarak Caesalipiniapulcherrima.)

                   b.         The opening of sporangium in fern as cause of the wrinkling of annuluscell

                            (Pembukaan sporangiumdi pakis sebagai penyebab kerutan sel annulus.)

Nasty movement

Ø  Is plant movement to stimulus, that is direction is not determined by stimulus but by the plant it self.(Adalahgerakantanamanuntukmerangsang, yaituarahgrakannyatidak ditentukan oleh rangsangan tetapi oleh tanaman itu sendiri.)

Ø  According toit’s cause, nastic is separated  Into five kinds :

1.       Photo nasty  (nasty that is caused by light)

Example:a. The opening and closing ofMirabilisjalavaat certain time when there is

light

                     b. The blossomof sun flower

2.       Nictinasty  (nasty that is caused by dark condition)

Example: a. The closing of leaves of butterfly flower at night

b. The closing of compound leaves inLeucaenaglauca at night

3.       Thigmonasty (nasty that is caused by touch)

Example:a.  The closing of leaves ofMimosa pudicawhen touched

4.       Thermo nasty  (nasty that is caused by temperature)

      Example: a.Tulip flower will develop if suddenly gets temperature increment andClose anymore if temperature decreases.

5.       Complex nasty (nasty thatIs caused by more than one kind of stimuli)

Example : a. The opening and closing of stomata.

Tropism movement

Ø  Is movement of part of plant body to stimulus that it’s movement direction is determined by the stimulus(Adalahgerakandaribagiantubuhtanamanuntukrangsangan yangarahpergerakanituditentukanolehrangsangan.)

Ø  According the kind ofit’s stimulus, separated into five kind :

1.       Phototropism  (tropism that is caused by light)

Example: a. The tip of plant that lies in room will bend to direction ofincidentlight.

2.       Geotropism  ( tropism that is caused by earth gravitational force)

Example: a.The tip of root grows to the direction of gravitation.

                  b. The tip of stem grows upward leaving gravitational force.

3.       Chemotropism ( tropism that is caused by chemical stimulus)

Example: a. The movement of root to food substance in soil.

b.Movementof root leaves poison.

4.       Thigmotropism(tropism that is caused by touch)

Example:a. In plant that has tendril. If that tendril touches hard thing then it  will  happen contact and finally that tendril can twist the hard thing.

5.       Hydrotropism ( tropism that is caused by water)

Example: a. Commonly, root grows straightly downward, but if in this directions not found enough of water, then the root will grow bending tohe direction  that has enough of water.

Taxis movement

Ø  Is transfer movement of all body to stimulus that it’s direction is determined by the stimulus.(Adalahperpindahangerakandariseluruhtubuhuntukarahrangsanganyang ditentukanolehrangsangantersebut)

Ø  Based on the kinds of stimulus, divided into two kinds :

1.       Photo taxis (taxis that is caused by light)

    Example: a.The movement ofchlorophyll  to the surface that gets light.

                     b. Movement of spore that has flagella to the light place.

2.       Chemo taxis (taxis that caused by chemical substance)

Example: a.Movement of spermatozoid (part that is formed by plant) of mass plant and fern to ovum that is found in archegonia attracted to the sugar or protein that is produced by archegonia